Difference between revisions of "CSV Module"

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=Conventions=
 
=Conventions=
  
All functions in this module are assigned to the <code><nowiki>http://basex.org/modules/csv</nowiki></code> namespace, which is statically bound to the {{Code|csv}} prefix.<br/>
+
{{Mark|Updated with Version 9.0:}}
All errors are assigned to the <code><nowiki>http://basex.org/errors</nowiki></code> namespace, which is statically bound to the {{Code|bxerr}} prefix.
+
 
 +
All functions and errors in this module are assigned to the <code><nowiki>http://basex.org/modules/csv</nowiki></code> namespace, which is statically bound to the {{Code|csv}} prefix.<br/>
  
 
==Conversion==
 
==Conversion==
Line 10: Line 11:
 
===XML: Direct, Attributes===
 
===XML: Direct, Attributes===
  
CSV is converted to XML as follows:
+
If the {{Code|direct}} or {{Code|attributes}} format is chosen, a CSV string is converted to XML:
  
 
* The resulting XML document has a {{Code|<csv>}} root element.
 
* The resulting XML document has a {{Code|<csv>}} root element.
Line 20: Line 21:
 
* If {{Code|format}} is set to {{Code|attributes}}, field names will be stored in name attributes.
 
* If {{Code|format}} is set to {{Code|attributes}}, field names will be stored in name attributes.
  
===Map===
+
'''A little advice''': in the Database Creation dialog of the GUI, if you select CSV Parsing and switch to the ''Parsing'' tab, you can see the effects of some of the conversion options.
  
If {{Code|format}} is set to {{Code|map}}, the CSV data will be converted to an XQuery map:
+
===XQuery===
  
* All records are enumerated with positive integers.
+
This format has been introduced with {{Version|9.0}}. It is more flexible and light-weight than the old, discarded {{Code|map}} format.
* By default, all entries of a records are represented in a sequence.
 
* If the {{Code|header}} option is set to {{Code|true}}, a map is created, which contains all field names and its values.
 
  
'''A little advice''': in the Database Creation dialog of the GUI, if you select CSV Parsing and switch to the ''Parsing'' tab, you can see the effects of some of the conversion options.
+
With the {{Code|xquery}} format, CSV records are converted to a sequence of arrays:
 +
 
 +
* The resulting value will be a map with a {{Code|records}} and an optional {{Code|names}} key.
 +
* Records are organized as a sequence of arrays. A single array contains the entries of a single record.
 +
* The column names will be available if {{Code|header}} option is set to {{Code|true}}.
 +
 
 +
The CSV map can e.g. be accessed as follows:
 +
 
 +
* <code>$csv?records[5]</code> returns all entries of the 5th record (row)
 +
* <code>$csv?records(2)</code> returns all entries of the 2nd field (column)
 +
* <code>$csv?names?*</code> returns the names of all fields (if available)
 +
* Return enumerated strings for all records:
 +
<pre class="brush:xquery">
 +
for $record at $pos in $csv?records
 +
return $pos || ". " || string-join($record?*, ', ')
 +
</pre>
 +
 
 +
The resulting representation consumes less memory than XML-based formats, and values can be directly accessed without conversion. Thus, it is recommendable for very large inputs and for efficient ad-hoc processing.
  
 
==Options==
 
==Options==
  
{{Mark|Updated with Version 8.6}}: improved Excel compatibility
+
In the following table, all available options are listed. The Excel column indicates what are the preferred options for data that is to be imported, or has been exported from Excel.
 
 
The following options are available:
 
  
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
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! Allowed
 
! Allowed
 
! Default
 
! Default
 +
! Excel
 
|- valign="top"
 
|- valign="top"
 
| {{Code|separator}}
 
| {{Code|separator}}
| Defines the character which separates the entries of a record in a single line.
+
| Defines the character which separates the values of a single record.
 
| {{Code|comma}}, {{Code|semicolon}}, {{Code|colon}}, {{Code|tab}}, {{Code|space}} or a ''single character''
 
| {{Code|comma}}, {{Code|semicolon}}, {{Code|colon}}, {{Code|tab}}, {{Code|space}} or a ''single character''
 
| {{Code|comma}}
 
| {{Code|comma}}
 +
| {{Code|semicolon}}
 
|- valign="top"
 
|- valign="top"
 
| {{Code|header}}
 
| {{Code|header}}
Line 52: Line 68:
 
| {{Code|yes}}, {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|yes}}, {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|no}}
 +
|
 
|- valign="top"
 
|- valign="top"
 
| {{Code|format}}
 
| {{Code|format}}
| Specifies the format of the XML data. The format is only relevant if the {{Code|header}} option is activated:<br/>
+
| Specifies the format of the XML data:<br/>
 
* With {{Code|direct}} conversion, field names are represented as element names
 
* With {{Code|direct}} conversion, field names are represented as element names
 
* With {{Code|attributes}} conversion, field names are stored in {{Code|name}} attributes
 
* With {{Code|attributes}} conversion, field names are stored in {{Code|name}} attributes
* With {{Code|map}} conversion, the input is converted to an XQuery map
+
* With {{Code|xquery}} conversion, the input is converted to an XQuery map
 
| {{Code|direct}}, {{Code|attributes}}, {{Code|map}}
 
| {{Code|direct}}, {{Code|attributes}}, {{Code|map}}
 
| {{Code|direct}}
 
| {{Code|direct}}
 +
|
 
|- valign="top"
 
|- valign="top"
 
| {{Code|lax}}
 
| {{Code|lax}}
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| {{Code|yes}}, {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|yes}}, {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|yes}}
 
| {{Code|yes}}
 +
| {{Code|no}}
 
|- valign="top"
 
|- valign="top"
 
| {{Code|quotes}}
 
| {{Code|quotes}}
 
| Specifies how quotes are parsed:
 
| Specifies how quotes are parsed:
 
* Parsing: If the option is enabled, quotes at the start and end of a value will be treated as control characters. Separators and newlines within the quotes will be adopted without change.
 
* Parsing: If the option is enabled, quotes at the start and end of a value will be treated as control characters. Separators and newlines within the quotes will be adopted without change.
* Serialization: If the option is enabled, the value will be wrapped with quotes. Quote characters in the value will be encoded according to the rules of the {{Code|backslashes}} option.
+
* Serialization: If the option is enabled, the value will be wrapped with quotes. A quote character in the value will be encoded according to the rules of the {{Code|backslashes}} option.
 
| {{Code|yes}}, {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|yes}}, {{Code|no}}
 +
| {{Code|yes}}
 
| {{Code|yes}}
 
| {{Code|yes}}
 
|- valign="top"
 
|- valign="top"
 
| {{Code|backslashes}}
 
| {{Code|backslashes}}
 
| Specifies how quotes and other characters are escaped:
 
| Specifies how quotes and other characters are escaped:
* Parsing: If the option is enabled, {{Code|\r}}, {{Code|n}} and {{Code|\t}} will be replaced with the corresponding control characters. All other escaped characters will be adopted as literals (e.g.: {{Code|\"}} → {{Code|"}}). If the option is disabled, two consecutive quotes will be replaced with a single quote (see the {{Code|quotes}} option for exceptions).
+
* Parsing: If the option is enabled, {{Code|\r}}, {{Code|n}} and {{Code|\t}} will be replaced with the corresponding control characters. All other escaped characters will be adopted as literals (e.g.: {{Code|\"}} → {{Code|"}}). If the option is disabled, two consecutive quotes will be replaced with a single quote (unless {{Code|quotes}} is enabled and the quote is the first or last character of a value).
* Serialization: If the option is enabled, {{Code|\r}}, {{Code|n}}, {{Code|\t}}, {{Code|\"}} and the separator character will be escaped with a backslash. If the option is disabled, quotes will be duplicated.
+
* Serialization: If the option is enabled, {{Code|\r}}, {{Code|n}}, {{Code|\t}}, {{Code|"}} and the separator character will be encoded with a backslash. If the option is disabled, quotes will be duplicated.
 
| {{Code|yes}}, {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|yes}}, {{Code|no}}
 +
| {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|no}}
 
| {{Code|no}}
 
|}
 
|}
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|-
 
|-
 
| width='120' | '''Signatures'''
 
| width='120' | '''Signatures'''
|{{Func|csv:parse|$input as xs:string|document-node(element(csv))}}<br/>{{Func|csv:parse|$input as xs:string, $options as map(xs:string, item())|item()}}
+
|{{Func|csv:parse|$input as xs:string|document-node(element(csv))}}<br/>{{Func|csv:parse|$input as xs:string, $options as map(*)?|item()}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Summary'''
 
| '''Summary'''
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|-
 
|-
 
| '''Errors'''
 
| '''Errors'''
|{{Error|BXCS0001|#Errors}} the input cannot be parsed.
+
|{{Error|parse|#Errors}} the input cannot be parsed.
 
|}
 
|}
  
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|-
 
|-
 
| width='120' | '''Signatures'''
 
| width='120' | '''Signatures'''
|{{Func|csv:serialize|$input as node()|xs:string}}<br/>{{Func|csv:serialize|$input as node(), $options as map(xs:string, item())|xs:string}}
+
|{{Func|csv:serialize|$input as item()?|xs:string}}<br/>{{Func|csv:serialize|$input as item()?, $options as map(*)?|xs:string}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Summary'''
 
| '''Summary'''
|Serializes the node specified by {{Code|$input}} as CSV data, and returns the result as {{Code|xs:string}}. Items can also be serialized as JSON if the [[Serialization|Serialization Parameter]] {{Code|method}} is set to {{Code|csv}}.<br/>The {{Code|$options}} argument can be used to control the way the input is serialized.
+
|Serializes the specified {{Code|$input}} as CSV, using the specified {{Code|$options}}, and returns the result as string.
 +
Values can also be serialized as CSV with the standard [[Serialization]] feature of XQuery:
 +
* The parameter {{Code|method}} needs to be set to {{Code|csv}}, and
 +
* the options presented in this article need to be assigned to the {{Code|csv}} parameter.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Errors'''
 
| '''Errors'''
|{{Error|BXCS0002|#Errors}} the input cannot be serialized.
+
|{{Error|serialize|#Errors}} the input cannot be serialized.
 
|}
 
|}
  
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'''Query:'''
 
'''Query:'''
 
<pre class="brush:xquery">
 
<pre class="brush:xquery">
let $text := file:read-text('some-data.csv')
 
 
let $options := map { 'lax': false() }
 
let $options := map { 'lax': false() }
let $xml := csv:parse($text, $options)
+
let $input := file:read-text('some-data.csv')
let $csv := csv:serialize($xml, $options)
+
let $output := $input => csv:parse($options) => csv:serialize($options)
return $text eq $csv
+
return $input eq $output
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
'''Example 3:''' Converts CSV data to an XQuery map item and serializes its contents:
+
'''Example 3:''' Converts CSV data to XQuery and returns distinct column values:
  
 
'''Query:'''
 
'''Query:'''
 
<pre class="brush:xquery">
 
<pre class="brush:xquery">
let $text := "Name;City" || out:nl() || "John;Newton" || out:nl() || "Jack;Oldtown"
+
let $text := ``[Name,City
let $options :=
+
Jack,Chicago
  <csv:options>
+
Jack,Washington
    <csv:separator value=';'/>
+
John,New York
    <csv:format value='map'/>
+
]``
    <csv:header value='yes'/>
+
let $options := map { 'format': 'xquery', 'header': true() }
   </csv:options>
+
let $csv := csv:parse($text, $options)
return csv:parse($text, $options)
+
return (
 +
  'Distinct values:',
 +
  let $records := $csv('records')
 +
  for $name at $pos in $csv('names')?*
 +
   let $values := $records($pos)
 +
  return (
 +
    '* ' || $name || ': ' || string-join(distinct-values($values), ', ')
 +
  )
 +
)
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
 
'''Result:'''
 
'''Result:'''
<pre class="brush:xml">
+
<pre class="brush:xquery">
{
+
Distinct values:
  1: {
+
* Name: Jack, John
    "City": "Newton",
+
* City: Chicago, Washington, New York
    "Name": "John"
 
  },
 
  2: {
 
    "City": "Oldtown",
 
    "Name": "Jack"
 
  }
 
}
 
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
 
=Errors=
 
=Errors=
 +
 +
{{Mark|Updated with Version 9.0:}}
  
 
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
 
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
Line 185: Line 211:
 
|Description
 
|Description
 
|-
 
|-
|{{Code|BXCS0001}}
+
|{{Code|parse}}
 
| The input cannot be parsed.
 
| The input cannot be parsed.
 
|-
 
|-
|{{Code|BXCS0002}}
+
|{{Code|serialize}}
 
| The node cannot be serialized.
 
| The node cannot be serialized.
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
=Changelog=
 
=Changelog=
 +
 +
;Version 9.0
 +
 +
* Added: {{Code|xquery}} option
 +
* Removed: {{Code|map}} option
 +
* Updated: error codes updated; errors now use the module namespace
  
 
;Version 8.6
 
;Version 8.6

Revision as of 08:58, 30 November 2017

This XQuery Module contains a single function to parse CSV input. CSV (comma-separated values) is a popular representation for tabular data, exported e. g. from Excel.

Conventions

Template:Mark

All functions and errors in this module are assigned to the http://basex.org/modules/csv namespace, which is statically bound to the csv prefix.

Conversion

XML: Direct, Attributes

If the direct or attributes format is chosen, a CSV string is converted to XML:

  • The resulting XML document has a <csv> root element.
  • Rows are represented via <record> elements.
  • Fields are represented via <entry> elements. The value of a field is represented as text node.
  • If the header option is set to true, the first text line is parsed as table header, and the <entry> elements are replaced with the field names:
    • Empty names are represented by a single underscore (_), and characters that are not valid in element names are replaced with underscores or (when invalid as first character of an element name) prefixed with an underscore.
    • If the lax option is set to false, invalid characters will be rewritten to an underscore and the character’s four-digit Unicode, and underscores will be represented as two underscores (__). The resulting element names may be less readable, but can always be converted back to the original field names.
  • If format is set to attributes, field names will be stored in name attributes.

A little advice: in the Database Creation dialog of the GUI, if you select CSV Parsing and switch to the Parsing tab, you can see the effects of some of the conversion options.

XQuery

This format has been introduced with Version 9.0. It is more flexible and light-weight than the old, discarded map format.

With the xquery format, CSV records are converted to a sequence of arrays:

  • The resulting value will be a map with a records and an optional names key.
  • Records are organized as a sequence of arrays. A single array contains the entries of a single record.
  • The column names will be available if header option is set to true.

The CSV map can e.g. be accessed as follows:

  • $csv?records[5] returns all entries of the 5th record (row)
  • $csv?records(2) returns all entries of the 2nd field (column)
  • $csv?names?* returns the names of all fields (if available)
  • Return enumerated strings for all records:
for $record at $pos in $csv?records
return $pos || ". " || string-join($record?*, ', ')

The resulting representation consumes less memory than XML-based formats, and values can be directly accessed without conversion. Thus, it is recommendable for very large inputs and for efficient ad-hoc processing.

Options

In the following table, all available options are listed. The Excel column indicates what are the preferred options for data that is to be imported, or has been exported from Excel.

Option Description Allowed Default Excel
separator Defines the character which separates the values of a single record. comma, semicolon, colon, tab, space or a single character comma semicolon
header Indicates if the first line of the parsed or serialized CSV data is a table header. yes, no no
format Specifies the format of the XML data:
  • With direct conversion, field names are represented as element names
  • With attributes conversion, field names are stored in name attributes
  • With xquery conversion, the input is converted to an XQuery map
direct, attributes, map direct
lax Specifies if a lax approach is used to convert QNames to JSON names. yes, no yes no
quotes Specifies how quotes are parsed:
  • Parsing: If the option is enabled, quotes at the start and end of a value will be treated as control characters. Separators and newlines within the quotes will be adopted without change.
  • Serialization: If the option is enabled, the value will be wrapped with quotes. A quote character in the value will be encoded according to the rules of the backslashes option.
yes, no yes yes
backslashes Specifies how quotes and other characters are escaped:
  • Parsing: If the option is enabled, \r, n and \t will be replaced with the corresponding control characters. All other escaped characters will be adopted as literals (e.g.: \""). If the option is disabled, two consecutive quotes will be replaced with a single quote (unless quotes is enabled and the quote is the first or last character of a value).
  • Serialization: If the option is enabled, \r, n, \t, " and the separator character will be encoded with a backslash. If the option is disabled, quotes will be duplicated.
yes, no no no

Functions

csv:parse

Signatures csv:parse($input as xs:string) as document-node(element(csv))
csv:parse($input as xs:string, $options as map(*)?) as item()
Summary Converts the CSV data specified by $input to an XML document or a map. The $options argument can be used to control the way the input is converted.
Errors parse: the input cannot be parsed.

csv:serialize

Signatures csv:serialize($input as item()?) as xs:string
csv:serialize($input as item()?, $options as map(*)?) as xs:string
Summary Serializes the specified $input as CSV, using the specified $options, and returns the result as string.

Values can also be serialized as CSV with the standard Serialization feature of XQuery:

  • The parameter method needs to be set to csv, and
  • the options presented in this article need to be assigned to the csv parameter.
Errors serialize: the input cannot be serialized.

Examples

Example 1: Converts CSV data to XML, interpreting the first row as table header:

Input addressbook.csv:

Name,First Name,Address,City
Huber,Sepp,Hauptstraße 13,93547 Hintertupfing

Query:

let $text := file:read-text('addressbook.csv')
return csv:parse($text, map { 'header': true() })

Result:

<csv>
  <record>
    <Name>Huber</Name>
    <First_Name>Sepp</First_Name>
    <Address>Hauptstraße 13</Address>
    <City>93547 Hintertupfing</City>
  </record>
</csv>

Example 2: Converts some CSV data to XML and back, and checks if the input and output are equal. The expected result is true:

Query:

let $options := map { 'lax': false() }
let $input := file:read-text('some-data.csv')
let $output := $input => csv:parse($options) => csv:serialize($options)
return $input eq $output

Example 3: Converts CSV data to XQuery and returns distinct column values:

Query:

let $text := ``[Name,City
Jack,Chicago
Jack,Washington
John,New York
]``
let $options := map { 'format': 'xquery', 'header': true() }
let $csv := csv:parse($text, $options)
return (
  'Distinct values:',
  let $records := $csv('records')
  for $name at $pos in $csv('names')?*
  let $values := $records($pos)
  return (
    '* ' || $name || ': ' || string-join(distinct-values($values), ', ')
  )
)

Result:

Distinct values:
* Name: Jack, John
* City: Chicago, Washington, New York

Errors

Template:Mark

Code Description
parse The input cannot be parsed.
serialize The node cannot be serialized.

Changelog

Version 9.0
  • Added: xquery option
  • Removed: map option
  • Updated: error codes updated; errors now use the module namespace
Version 8.6
  • Updated: Options: improved Excel compatibility
Version 8.0
  • Added: backslashes option
Version 7.8
  • Updated: csv:parse now returns a document node instead of an element, or an XQuery map if format is set to map.
  • Added: format and lax options

The module was introduced with Version 7.7.2.